Columbus Crew

Statistics based on last games

Loading ...

USA MLS

MLS 2025, Western Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 San Jose Earthquakes 1 0 0 4:0 3
2 FC Dallas 1 0 0 2:1 3
3 Austin FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
3 Los Angeles FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
5 Seattle Sounders 0 1 0 2:2 1
6 Colorado Rapids 0 1 0 0:0 1
6 St. Louis City SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
8 LA Galaxy 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Portland Timbers 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 San Diego FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Vancouver Whitecaps 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Houston Dynamo 0 0 1 1:2 0
13 Minnesota United 0 0 1 0:1 0
13 Sporting Kansas City 0 0 1 0:1 0
15 Real Salt Lake 0 0 1 0:4 0

MLS 2025, Eastern Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Columbus Crew 1 0 0 4:2 3
1 Philadelphia Union 1 0 0 4:2 3
3 Atlanta United 1 0 0 3:2 3
4 FC Cincinnati 1 0 0 1:0 3
5 Charlotte FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
5 DC United 0 1 0 2:2 1
5 Inter Miami CF 0 1 0 2:2 1
5 New York City FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
5 Toronto FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
10 Nashville SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
10 New England Revolution 0 1 0 0:0 1
12 CF Montreal 0 0 1 2:3 0
13 New York Red Bulls 0 0 1 0:1 0
14 Chicago Fire 0 0 1 2:4 0
14 Orlando City SC 0 0 1 2:4 0

MLS 2025

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 San Jose Earthquakes 1 0 0 4:0 3
2 Columbus Crew 1 0 0 4:2 3
2 Philadelphia Union 1 0 0 4:2 3
4 Atlanta United 1 0 0 3:2 3
5 FC Dallas 1 0 0 2:1 3
6 Austin FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
6 FC Cincinnati 1 0 0 1:0 3
6 Los Angeles FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
9 Charlotte FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
9 DC United 0 1 0 2:2 1
9 Inter Miami CF 0 1 0 2:2 1
9 New York City FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
9 Seattle Sounders 0 1 0 2:2 1
9 Toronto FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
15 Colorado Rapids 0 1 0 0:0 1
15 Nashville SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
15 New England Revolution 0 1 0 0:0 1
15 St. Louis City SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
19 LA Galaxy 0 0 0 0:0 0
19 Portland Timbers 0 0 0 0:0 0
19 San Diego FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
19 Vancouver Whitecaps 0 0 0 0:0 0
23 CF Montreal 0 0 1 2:3 0
24 Houston Dynamo 0 0 1 1:2 0
25 Minnesota United 0 0 1 0:1 0
25 New York Red Bulls 0 0 1 0:1 0
25 Sporting Kansas City 0 0 1 0:1 0
28 Chicago Fire 0 0 1 2:4 0
28 Orlando City SC 0 0 1 2:4 0
30 Real Salt Lake 0 0 1 0:4 0

MLS 2025, Western Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 San Jose Earthquakes 1 0 0 4:0 3
2 Austin FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
2 Los Angeles FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
4 Seattle Sounders 0 1 0 2:2 1
5 St. Louis City SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
6 Colorado Rapids 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 FC Dallas 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 LA Galaxy 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Minnesota United 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Portland Timbers 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Real Salt Lake 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 San Diego FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Sporting Kansas City 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Vancouver Whitecaps 0 0 0 0:0 0
15 Houston Dynamo 0 0 1 1:2 0

MLS 2025, Eastern Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Columbus Crew 1 0 0 4:2 3
2 Atlanta United 1 0 0 3:2 3
3 FC Cincinnati 1 0 0 1:0 3
4 DC United 0 1 0 2:2 1
4 Inter Miami CF 0 1 0 2:2 1
6 Nashville SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
7 CF Montreal 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 Charlotte FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 Chicago Fire 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 New England Revolution 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 New York City FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 New York Red Bulls 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 Philadelphia Union 0 0 0 0:0 0
7 Toronto FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
15 Orlando City SC 0 0 1 2:4 0

MLS 2025

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 San Jose Earthquakes 1 0 0 4:0 3
2 Columbus Crew 1 0 0 4:2 3
3 Atlanta United 1 0 0 3:2 3
4 Austin FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
4 FC Cincinnati 1 0 0 1:0 3
4 Los Angeles FC 1 0 0 1:0 3
7 DC United 0 1 0 2:2 1
7 Inter Miami CF 0 1 0 2:2 1
7 Seattle Sounders 0 1 0 2:2 1
10 Nashville SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
10 St. Louis City SC 0 1 0 0:0 1
12 CF Montreal 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Charlotte FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Chicago Fire 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Colorado Rapids 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 FC Dallas 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 LA Galaxy 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Minnesota United 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 New England Revolution 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 New York City FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 New York Red Bulls 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Philadelphia Union 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Portland Timbers 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Real Salt Lake 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 San Diego FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Sporting Kansas City 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Toronto FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
12 Vancouver Whitecaps 0 0 0 0:0 0
29 Houston Dynamo 0 0 1 1:2 0
30 Orlando City SC 0 0 1 2:4 0

MLS 2025, Western Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 FC Dallas 1 0 0 2:1 3
2 Colorado Rapids 0 1 0 0:0 1
3 Austin FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 Houston Dynamo 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 Los Angeles FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 LA Galaxy 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 Portland Timbers 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 St. Louis City SC 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 San Diego FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 San Jose Earthquakes 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 Seattle Sounders 0 0 0 0:0 0
3 Vancouver Whitecaps 0 0 0 0:0 0
13 Minnesota United 0 0 1 0:1 0
13 Sporting Kansas City 0 0 1 0:1 0
15 Real Salt Lake 0 0 1 0:4 0

MLS 2025, Eastern Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Philadelphia Union 1 0 0 4:2 3
2 Charlotte FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
2 New York City FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
2 Toronto FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
5 New England Revolution 0 1 0 0:0 1
6 Atlanta United 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Columbus Crew 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 DC United 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 FC Cincinnati 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Inter Miami CF 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Nashville SC 0 0 0 0:0 0
6 Orlando City SC 0 0 0 0:0 0
13 CF Montreal 0 0 1 2:3 0
14 New York Red Bulls 0 0 1 0:1 0
15 Chicago Fire 0 0 1 2:4 0

MLS 2025

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Philadelphia Union 1 0 0 4:2 3
2 FC Dallas 1 0 0 2:1 3
3 Charlotte FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
3 New York City FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
3 Toronto FC 0 1 0 2:2 1
6 Colorado Rapids 0 1 0 0:0 1
6 New England Revolution 0 1 0 0:0 1
8 Atlanta United 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Austin FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Columbus Crew 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 DC United 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 FC Cincinnati 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Houston Dynamo 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Inter Miami CF 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Los Angeles FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 LA Galaxy 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Nashville SC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Orlando City SC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Portland Timbers 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 St. Louis City SC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 San Diego FC 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 San Jose Earthquakes 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Seattle Sounders 0 0 0 0:0 0
8 Vancouver Whitecaps 0 0 0 0:0 0
25 CF Montreal 0 0 1 2:3 0
26 Minnesota United 0 0 1 0:1 0
26 New York Red Bulls 0 0 1 0:1 0
26 Sporting Kansas City 0 0 1 0:1 0
29 Chicago Fire 0 0 1 2:4 0
30 Real Salt Lake 0 0 1 0:4 0

USA MLS Play-offs

Western Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Los Angeles FC 19 7 8 63:43 64
2 LA Galaxy 19 7 8 69:50 64
3 Real Salt Lake 16 11 7 65:48 59
4 Seattle Sounders 16 9 9 51:35 57
5 Houston Dynamo 15 9 10 47:39 54
6 Minnesota United 15 7 12 58:49 52
7 Colorado Rapids 15 5 14 61:60 50
8 Vancouver Whitecaps 13 8 13 52:49 47
9 Portland Timbers 12 11 11 65:56 47
10 Austin FC 11 9 14 39:48 42
11 FC Dallas 11 8 15 54:56 41
12 St. Louis City SC 8 13 13 50:63 37
13 Sporting Kansas City 8 7 19 51:66 31
14 San Jose Earthquakes 6 3 25 41:78 21

Eastern Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Inter Miami CF 22 8 4 79:49 74
2 Columbus Crew 19 9 6 72:40 66
3 FC Cincinnati 18 5 11 58:48 59
4 Orlando City SC 15 7 12 59:50 52
5 Charlotte FC 14 9 11 46:37 51
6 New York City FC 14 8 12 54:49 50
7 New York Red Bulls 11 14 9 55:50 47
8 CF Montreal 11 10 13 48:64 43
9 Atlanta United 10 10 14 46:49 40
10 DC United 10 10 14 52:70 40
11 Toronto FC 11 4 19 40:61 37
12 Philadelphia Union 9 10 15 62:55 37
13 Nashville SC 9 9 16 38:54 36
14 New England Revolution 9 4 21 37:74 31
15 Chicago Fire 7 9 18 40:62 30

MLS

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Inter Miami CF 22 8 4 79:49 74
2 Columbus Crew 19 9 6 72:40 66
3 Los Angeles FC 19 7 8 63:43 64
4 LA Galaxy 19 7 8 69:50 64
5 FC Cincinnati 18 5 11 58:48 59
6 Real Salt Lake 16 11 7 65:48 59
7 Seattle Sounders 16 9 9 51:35 57
8 Houston Dynamo 15 9 10 47:39 54
9 Orlando City SC 15 7 12 59:50 52
10 Minnesota United 15 7 12 58:49 52
11 Charlotte FC 14 9 11 46:37 51
12 Colorado Rapids 15 5 14 61:60 50
13 New York City FC 14 8 12 54:49 50
14 Vancouver Whitecaps 13 8 13 52:49 47
15 Portland Timbers 12 11 11 65:56 47
16 New York Red Bulls 11 14 9 55:50 47
17 CF Montreal 11 10 13 48:64 43
18 Austin FC 11 9 14 39:48 42
19 FC Dallas 11 8 15 54:56 41
20 Atlanta United 10 10 14 46:49 40
21 DC United 10 10 14 52:70 40
22 Toronto FC 11 4 19 40:61 37
23 Philadelphia Union 9 10 15 62:55 37
24 St. Louis City SC 8 13 13 50:63 37
25 Nashville SC 9 9 16 38:54 36
26 New England Revolution 9 4 21 37:74 31
27 Sporting Kansas City 8 7 19 51:66 31
28 Chicago Fire 7 9 18 40:62 30
29 San Jose Earthquakes 6 3 25 41:78 21

Western Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 LA Galaxy 13 3 1 43:25 42
2 Los Angeles FC 11 4 2 36:18 37
3 Real Salt Lake 11 3 3 38:20 36
4 Colorado Rapids 10 3 4 33:22 33
5 FC Dallas 10 2 5 34:25 32
6 Portland Timbers 9 5 3 39:25 32
7 Seattle Sounders 8 7 2 25:14 31
8 Houston Dynamo 7 7 3 22:15 28
9 Austin FC 7 5 5 27:25 26
10 St. Louis City SC 7 5 5 23:21 26
11 Minnesota United 7 4 6 30:23 25
12 Sporting Kansas City 6 4 7 33:32 22
13 Vancouver Whitecaps 6 4 7 26:26 22
14 San Jose Earthquakes 4 1 12 18:32 13

Eastern Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Inter Miami CF 11 4 2 45:22 37
2 Columbus Crew 10 4 3 38:21 34
3 New York City FC 10 3 4 35:25 33
4 Charlotte FC 9 5 3 25:15 32
5 CF Montreal 8 5 4 28:23 29
6 New York Red Bulls 7 7 3 31:23 28
7 Orlando City SC 7 4 6 28:18 25
8 FC Cincinnati 7 3 7 26:22 24
9 Atlanta United 6 4 7 30:27 22
10 Toronto FC 7 0 10 27:32 21
11 Nashville SC 5 6 6 24:25 21
12 Chicago Fire 5 4 8 20:31 19
13 New England Revolution 5 4 8 19:30 19
14 Philadelphia Union 4 5 8 27:23 17
15 DC United 4 5 8 26:36 17

MLS

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 LA Galaxy 13 3 1 43:25 42
2 Inter Miami CF 11 4 2 45:22 37
3 Los Angeles FC 11 4 2 36:18 37
4 Real Salt Lake 11 3 3 38:20 36
5 Columbus Crew 10 4 3 38:21 34
6 Colorado Rapids 10 3 4 33:22 33
7 New York City FC 10 3 4 35:25 33
8 FC Dallas 10 2 5 34:25 32
9 Portland Timbers 9 5 3 39:25 32
10 Charlotte FC 9 5 3 25:15 32
11 Seattle Sounders 8 7 2 25:14 31
12 CF Montreal 8 5 4 28:23 29
13 New York Red Bulls 7 7 3 31:23 28
14 Houston Dynamo 7 7 3 22:15 28
15 Austin FC 7 5 5 27:25 26
16 St. Louis City SC 7 5 5 23:21 26
17 Orlando City SC 7 4 6 28:18 25
18 Minnesota United 7 4 6 30:23 25
19 FC Cincinnati 7 3 7 26:22 24
20 Atlanta United 6 4 7 30:27 22
21 Sporting Kansas City 6 4 7 33:32 22
22 Vancouver Whitecaps 6 4 7 26:26 22
23 Toronto FC 7 0 10 27:32 21
24 Nashville SC 5 6 6 24:25 21
25 Chicago Fire 5 4 8 20:31 19
26 New England Revolution 5 4 8 19:30 19
27 Philadelphia Union 4 5 8 27:23 17
28 DC United 4 5 8 26:36 17
29 San Jose Earthquakes 4 1 12 18:32 13

Western Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Minnesota United 8 3 6 28:26 27
2 Los Angeles FC 8 3 6 27:25 27
3 Seattle Sounders 8 2 7 26:21 26
4 Houston Dynamo 8 2 7 25:24 26
5 Vancouver Whitecaps 7 4 6 26:23 25
6 Real Salt Lake 5 8 4 27:28 23
7 LA Galaxy 6 4 7 26:25 22
8 Colorado Rapids 5 2 10 28:38 17
9 Austin FC 4 4 9 12:23 16
10 Portland Timbers 3 6 8 26:31 15
11 St. Louis City SC 1 8 8 27:42 11
12 Sporting Kansas City 2 3 12 18:34 9
13 FC Dallas 1 6 10 20:31 9
14 San Jose Earthquakes 2 2 13 23:46 8

Eastern Conference

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Inter Miami CF 11 4 2 34:27 37
2 FC Cincinnati 11 2 4 32:26 35
3 Columbus Crew 9 5 3 34:19 32
4 Orlando City SC 8 3 6 31:32 27
5 DC United 6 5 6 26:34 23
6 Philadelphia Union 5 5 7 35:32 20
7 Charlotte FC 5 4 8 21:22 19
8 New York Red Bulls 4 7 6 24:27 19
9 Atlanta United 4 6 7 16:22 18
10 New York City FC 4 5 8 19:24 17
11 Toronto FC 4 4 9 13:29 16
12 Nashville SC 4 3 10 14:29 15
13 CF Montreal 3 5 9 20:41 14
14 New England Revolution 4 0 13 18:44 12
15 Chicago Fire 2 5 10 20:31 11

MLS

P Team W D L Goals PO
1 Inter Miami CF 11 4 2 34:27 37
2 FC Cincinnati 11 2 4 32:26 35
3 Columbus Crew 9 5 3 34:19 32
4 Minnesota United 8 3 6 28:26 27
5 Los Angeles FC 8 3 6 27:25 27
6 Orlando City SC 8 3 6 31:32 27
7 Seattle Sounders 8 2 7 26:21 26
8 Houston Dynamo 8 2 7 25:24 26
9 Vancouver Whitecaps 7 4 6 26:23 25
10 DC United 6 5 6 26:34 23
11 Real Salt Lake 5 8 4 27:28 23
12 LA Galaxy 6 4 7 26:25 22
13 Philadelphia Union 5 5 7 35:32 20
14 Charlotte FC 5 4 8 21:22 19
15 New York Red Bulls 4 7 6 24:27 19
16 Atlanta United 4 6 7 16:22 18
17 Colorado Rapids 5 2 10 28:38 17
18 New York City FC 4 5 8 19:24 17
19 Austin FC 4 4 9 12:23 16
20 Toronto FC 4 4 9 13:29 16
21 Nashville SC 4 3 10 14:29 15
22 Portland Timbers 3 6 8 26:31 15
23 CF Montreal 3 5 9 20:41 14
24 New England Revolution 4 0 13 18:44 12
25 Chicago Fire 2 5 10 20:31 11
26 St. Louis City SC 1 8 8 27:42 11
27 Sporting Kansas City 2 3 12 18:34 9
28 FC Dallas 1 6 10 20:31 9
29 San Jose Earthquakes 2 2 13 23:46 8
Kick-Off Home Away 1x2 Drop Current Home Asian Handicap Goal Line Asian Corners Actions
02-03 0:30 New England Revolution - Columbus Crew
0%
-
-
-
80%10 - 80%10
80%
1.80 - 0.80
08-03 19:30 Columbus Crew - Houston Dynamo
0%
-
-
-
80%10 - 60%10
70%
0.80 - 0.90
16-03 2:30 San Diego FC - Columbus Crew
0%
-
-
-
0%0 - 80%10
80%
0.00 - 0.80
22-03 23:30 Columbus Crew - New York City FC
0%
-
-
-
80%10 - 80%10
80%
0.80 - 1.20
29-03 23:30 DC United - Columbus Crew
0%
-
-
-
80%10 - 80%10
80%
1.40 - 0.80
05-04 23:30 Columbus Crew - CF Montreal
0%
-
-
-
80%10 - 90%10
85%
0.80 - 1.30
13-04 23:00 St. Louis City SC - Columbus Crew
0%
-
-
-
100%10 - 80%10
90%
1.55 - 0.80
19-04 20:30 Columbus Crew - Inter Miami CF
0%
-
-
-
80%10 - 80%10
80%
0.80 - 0.45

Win rate of last "X" number of games covering the "Asian Handicap"

5 0% 0.00
10 0% 0.00
15 0% 0.00
All 0% 0.00

Win rate of last "X" number of games covering the "Goal line"

5 0% 0.00
10 0% 0.00
15 0% 0.00
All 0% 0.00

* - Average difference from opening line

Win rate of last "X" number of games covering the "Asian Corners"

5 0% 0.00
10 0% 0.00
15 0% 0.00
All 0% 0.00
Show Home (X) Show Away (X) Show 1st half stats
Date Home Score Away 1x2 Drop Home Asian Handicap Goal Line Asian Corners Dangerous Attacks Total Shots Shots on Target Corners     
W 23-02-2025 0:30 Columbus Crew 4 - 2 Chicago Fire 3
S: - 5.50 ?
K: ?4.00 -
20%
?
2.025
-
?
?
2.000, 1.800
?-?

15-13

?-?

5-2

Open single page
L 03-11-2024 21:30 2 New York Red Bulls 2 - 2 Columbus Crew 1
S: - 3.50 ?
K: ?3.50 -
7%
?
1.950
-
?
?
1.900, 1.900
?-?

9-16

?-?

3-5

Open single page
L 29-10-2024 22:45 1 [2] Columbus Crew 0 - 1 New York Red Bulls [7] 2
S: - 3.70 ?
K: ?4.00 -
11%
?
1.975
-
?
?
1.850, 1.950
?-?

16-9

?-?

5-3

Open single page
W 19-10-2024 22:00 1 New York Red Bulls 2 - 3 Columbus Crew 3
0%
-
-
-
?-?

10-16

?-?

4-4

Open single page
W 12-10-2024 23:30 [2] Columbus Crew 4 - 0 New England Revolution [14] 2
S: - 5.00 ?
K: ?5.50 -
0%
?
1.825
-
?
?
1.900, 1.900
?-?

18-8

?-?

5-1

Open single page

Last notifications

Filter by Last: Type: League:
Loading

Squad

Nr. Name Country Birthdate Position Height Weight Foot
4 Rudy Camacho 1991-03-05 Defender 185 79 Right
6 Darlington Nagbe 1990-07-19 Midfielder 179 75 Right
24 Evan Bush 1986-03-06 Guard 188 84 Right
31 Steven Moreira 1994-08-13 Defender 179 75 Right
21 Yevhen Cheberko 1998-01-23 Midfielder 184 66 Left
1 Nicholas Hagen 1996-08-02 Guard 193 80 Right
17 Christian Ramirez 1991-04-04 Forward 188 85 Right
- Lassi Lappalainen 1998-08-24 Midfielder 184 80 Both
18 Malte Amundsen 1998-02-11 Defender 179 81 Left
22 Abraham Romero 1998-02-18 Guard 188 86 Right
10 Diego Rossi 1998-03-05 Forward 170 66 Right
5 Derrick Jones 1997-03-03 Midfielder 190 75 Right
7 Dylan Chambost 1997-08-19 Midfielder 177 70 Left
2 Marcelo Herrera 1998-11-03 Defender 178 75 Right
12 DeJuan Jones 1997-06-24 Forward 175 75 Right
19 Jacen Russell-Rowe 2002-09-13 Forward 183 84 Both
23 Mohamed Farsi 1999-12-16 - 180 85 Right
13 Aziel Jackson 2001-10-25 - 175 69 -
25 Sean Zawadzki 2000-04-21 - 175 72 Right
28 Patrick Schulte 2001-03-13 - 190 78 Left
27 Maximilian Arfsten 2001-04-19 - 185 78 Left
16 Taha Habroune 2006-02-05 - 182 76 Right
29 Cole Mrowka 2006-04-06 - - - Both
41 Stanislav Lapkes 2006-03-03 - - - -